회화가 되는 40가지 핵심 영문법

Lesson 40

* 부사*

-일반동사를 수식.

동사의 정도를 나타내거나 형용사를 수식.

시간. 장소. 이유. 조건. 목적 등을 나타낸다.

단어부사

동사에서 나온 말: to + 동사원형 (목적)

I speak English well.-> I study English to speak English well.

* 부사절 *

-문장에서 시간, 이유, 조건, 양보를 나타내는 S + V로 이루어진 문장

(     )+S+V, S+V                       S+V  (     )+S+V

부사절     주절                      주절     부사절

1.시간

When I watch this class, I am the happiest.

2.이유

Because I have studied English hard, I will speak English well.

3.양보

Although English seems to be difficult, don’t give up. It’s not that difficult.

4.조건

If you finish this class, you will speak English better.

If you don’t complete this course, you will fail the course.

If you keep studying English, you will speak English fluently.

* 가정법1 *

-사실과 반대되는(unreal) 현재나 과거의 일을 가정, 상상, 후회, 안타까움을 표현할 때.

1.현재 사실의 반대(present unreal)- 동사를 과거시제로 쓴다.

I wish I could speak English better.

If I were an animal, I would be a koala.

If I had a boyfriend, I wouldn’t go on a date.

2.I wish + 주어 + 과거시제동사/ were- 현재사실의 반대:~라면/ ~하면 얼마나 좋을까

3.의문문

What would you do if you were a student?

Do you wish you were older?

More useful expression

If only you loved me …        What ifit rains tomorrow?

(~ 하기만 하다면)             (~라면 어떻게 해?)

[tips] 요즘 구어체에서는 주어가 I/he/she/it 일 때 was를 씀.

* 가정법2 *

1.과거 사실의 반대(past unreal)

과거일을 반대로 상상, 후회, 안타까움을 표시

If + S + had p.p, S + would/ could/ might + have p.p

If I had gone to bed early last night, I would have gotten up early this morning.

If I hadn’t gone out last night, I would have felt better this morning.

If I had studied English harder when I was young,

I wouldn’t have takenthis course.

2.I wish + S + had p.p 과거 사실의 반대:(옛날에)~였다면/ ~했다면 얼마나 좋을까

I wish I had met her before.                 I wish I had studied English harder.

I wish I had broken up with him.             I wish I hadn’t broken up with her.

3.의문문

What would you have done if you hadn’t gone out last night?

과거 사실의 반대 + 현재 사실의 반대(과거 어떤 일의 결과가 현재까지 영향을 미칠 때)

If + S + had p.p, S + would +동사원형

If I had gotten married to him back then, I would have 3 children now.

If I hadn’t met this class, I wouldn’t speak English well.

[If nothing else…] 이것만은 꼭 알아 두자!

말을 짧게 하고 싶을 때. I wish! 차라리 그러면 얼마나 좋아!

A: Do you have a girlfriend?

B: I wish!